Features
This site maps 140 grammar and sound features, each with a map of every value. Counts are the languages WALS codes for that feature, from about 100 to 1,518.
Sounds
- Consonant Inventories563 languages · 5 values
- Vowel Quality Inventories564 languages · 3 values
- Consonant-Vowel Ratio564 languages · 5 values
- Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives567 languages · 4 values
- Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems567 languages · 5 values
- Uvular Consonants567 languages · 4 values
- Glottalized Consonants567 languages · 8 values
- Lateral Consonants567 languages · 5 values
- The Velar Nasal469 languages · 3 values
- Vowel Nasalization244 languages · 2 values
- Front Rounded Vowels562 languages · 4 values
- Syllable Structure486 languages · 3 values
- Tone527 languages · 3 values
- Fixed Stress Locations502 languages · 7 values
- Weight-Sensitive Stress500 languages · 8 values
- Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems500 languages · 7 values
- Rhythm Types323 languages · 5 values
- Absence of Common Consonants567 languages · 6 values
- Presence of Uncommon Consonants567 languages · 7 values
Word structure
- Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives165 languages · 7 values
- Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives162 languages · 5 values
- Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection160 languages · 6 values
- Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb145 languages · 7 values
- Locus of Marking in the Clause236 languages · 5 values
- Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases236 languages · 5 values
- Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology236 languages · 5 values
- Zero Marking of A and P Arguments235 languages · 2 values
- Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology969 languages · 6 values
- Reduplication368 languages · 3 values
- Case Syncretism198 languages · 4 values
- Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking198 languages · 3 values
Nouns and pronouns
- Number of Genders257 languages · 5 values
- Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems257 languages · 3 values
- Systems of Gender Assignment257 languages · 3 values
- Coding of Nominal Plurality1,066 languages · 9 values
- Occurrence of Nominal Plurality291 languages · 6 values
- Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns261 languages · 8 values
- The Associative Plural236 languages · 4 values
- Definite Articles620 languages · 5 values
- Indefinite Articles534 languages · 5 values
- Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns200 languages · 5 values
- Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives234 languages · 5 values
- Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives201 languages · 3 values
- Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives225 languages · 6 values
- Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns378 languages · 6 values
- Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns207 languages · 4 values
- Indefinite Pronouns326 languages · 5 values
- Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns168 languages · 2 values
- Person Marking on Adpositions378 languages · 4 values
- Number of Cases261 languages · 9 values
- Asymmetrical Case-Marking261 languages · 6 values
- Position of Case Affixes1,031 languages · 9 values
- Comitatives and Instrumentals322 languages · 3 values
- Ordinal Numerals321 languages · 8 values
- Distributive Numerals251 languages · 7 values
- Numeral Classifiers400 languages · 3 values
- Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers116 languages · 3 values
- Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes902 languages · 4 values
Noun phrases
- Obligatory Possessive Inflection244 languages · 2 values
- Number of Possessive Nouns243 languages · 4 values
- Possessive Classification243 languages · 4 values
- Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses138 languages · 6 values
- Adjectives without Nouns124 languages · 7 values
- Action Nominal Constructions168 languages · 8 values
- Noun Phrase Conjunction234 languages · 2 values
- Nominal and Verbal Conjunction301 languages · 3 values
Verbs: tense, mood, evidence
- Perfective/Imperfective Aspect222 languages · 2 values
- The Past Tense222 languages · 4 values
- The Future Tense222 languages · 2 values
- The Perfect222 languages · 4 values
- Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes1,131 languages · 5 values
- The Morphological Imperative548 languages · 5 values
- The Prohibitive496 languages · 4 values
- Imperative-Hortative Systems375 languages · 4 values
- The Optative319 languages · 2 values
- Situational Possibility234 languages · 3 values
- Epistemic Possibility240 languages · 3 values
- Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking207 languages · 3 values
- Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality418 languages · 3 values
- Coding of Evidentiality418 languages · 6 values
- Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect193 languages · 4 values
- Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives193 languages · 5 values
- Verbal Number and Suppletion193 languages · 5 values
Word order
- Order of Subject, Object and Verb1,376 languages · 7 values
- Order of Subject and Verb1,496 languages · 3 values
- Order of Object and Verb1,518 languages · 3 values
- Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb500 languages · 6 values
- Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase1,184 languages · 5 values
- Order of Genitive and Noun1,249 languages · 3 values
- Order of Adjective and Noun1,367 languages · 4 values
- Order of Demonstrative and Noun1,225 languages · 6 values
- Order of Numeral and Noun1,154 languages · 4 values
- Order of Relative Clause and Noun824 languages · 7 values
- Order of Degree Word and Adjective481 languages · 3 values
- Position of Polar Question Particles884 languages · 6 values
- Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions902 languages · 3 values
- Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause659 languages · 5 values
Simple clauses
- Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases190 languages · 6 values
- Alignment of Verbal Person Marking380 languages · 6 values
- Expression of Pronominal Subjects711 languages · 6 values
- Verbal Person Marking378 languages · 5 values
- Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking380 languages · 6 values
- Order of Person Markers on the Verb379 languages · 5 values
- Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'378 languages · 4 values
- Reciprocal Constructions175 languages · 4 values
- Passive Constructions373 languages · 2 values
- Antipassive Constructions194 languages · 3 values
- Productivity of the Antipassive Construction186 languages · 4 values
- Applicative Constructions183 languages · 8 values
- Other Roles of Applied Objects183 languages · 5 values
- Periphrastic Causative Constructions118 languages · 3 values
- Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions310 languages · 4 values
- Negative Morphemes1,157 languages · 6 values
- Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation297 languages · 3 values
- Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation297 languages · 7 values
- Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation206 languages · 4 values
- Polar Questions955 languages · 7 values
- Predicative Possession240 languages · 5 values
- Predicative Adjectives386 languages · 3 values
- Nominal and Locational Predication386 languages · 2 values
- Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals386 languages · 2 values
- Comparative Constructions167 languages · 4 values
Complex sentences
- Relativization on Subjects166 languages · 4 values
- Relativization on Obliques112 languages · 5 values
- 'Want' Complement Subjects283 languages · 5 values
- 'When' Clauses174 languages · 3 values
- Utterance Complement Clauses143 languages · 3 values
Vocabulary
- Hand and Arm617 languages · 2 values
- Finger and Hand593 languages · 2 values
- Numeral Bases196 languages · 6 values
- Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories119 languages · 7 values
- Number of Basic Colour Categories119 languages · 7 values
- Green and Blue120 languages · 7 values
- Red and Yellow120 languages · 5 values
- M-T Pronouns230 languages · 3 values
- M in First Person Singular230 languages · 2 values
- N-M Pronouns230 languages · 3 values
- M in Second Person Singular230 languages · 2 values
- Tea230 languages · 3 values
Other
- Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks143 languages · 3 values