Kayardild

Tangkic family · Australia

WALS records no dominant basic order of subject, object and verb for Kayardild, a group that holds 189 of the 1,376 languages it codes for this feature.

On Adjectives without Nouns, WALS codes Kayardild as “Adjective may not occur without noun”, a value held by 1 of the 124 languages coded.

On Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives, WALS codes Kayardild as “Case + TAM (tense-aspect-mood)”, a value held by 2 of the 162 languages coded, the other being Lugbara.

The closest grammar profile to Kayardild in the atlas belongs to Uradhi, a Pama-Nyungan language: the two agree on 32 of the 41 features both have coded.

The order Kayardild uses in 8 pairings of a head word and its dependent. Bars: how all languages coded for each pairing split, before or after.

Contrast Kayardild with Uradhi or with any other language

Uncommon values

Values that fewer than one in ten of the coded languages share with Kayardild, rarest first.

Order of Adposition and Noun PhraseNo adpositions30 of 1,184
Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood InflectionTAM+polarity5 of 160
Order of Object and VerbBoth orders with neither order dominant101 of 1,518
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard NegationA/Fin and A/Cat21 of 297
Third Person Pronouns and DemonstrativesRelated for non-human reference17 of 225
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress SystemsCombined: two of the above factors determine weight42 of 500
Absence of Common ConsonantsNo fricatives48 of 567
Expression of Pronominal SubjectsOptional pronouns in subject position61 of 711

Closest profiles

Languages that share the most coded values with Kayardild; the count is out of the features both languages are coded for.

Martuthunira Pama-Nyungan82 of 116
Ngiyambaa Pama-Nyungan74 of 114
Garrwa Garrwan28 of 41
Diyari Pama-Nyungan39 of 60

The rest of the profile

WALS codes Kayardild for 124 of the 144 profile features used on this site. The remaining 113 are listed here, grouped by topic; within each group the value Kayardild shares with the fewest languages comes first.

Sounds 17

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Vowel Quality Inventories	Small vowel inventory (2-4)	93 of 564
Consonant-Vowel Ratio	Moderately high	102 of 564
Fixed Stress Locations	Initial: stress is on the first syllable	92 of 502
Consonant Inventories	Moderately small	122 of 563
The Velar Nasal	Velar nasal, also initially	147 of 469
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives	No voicing contrast	182 of 567
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems	Other	242 of 567
Rhythm Types	Trochaic: left-hand syllable in the foot is strong	153 of 323
Weight-Sensitive Stress	Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)	281 of 500
Syllable Structure	Moderately complex syllable structure	274 of 486
Tone	No tones	307 of 527
Lateral Consonants	/l/, no obstruent laterals	388 of 567
Glottalized Consonants	No glottalized consonants	409 of 567
Vowel Nasalization	Contrastive nasal vowels absent	180 of 244
Presence of Uncommon Consonants	None	449 of 567
Uvular Consonants	No uvulars	470 of 567
Front Rounded Vowels	None	525 of 562

Word structure 10

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Case Syncretism	Core and non-core	22 of 198
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology	Consistently dependent-marking	46 of 236
Locus of Marking in the Clause	P is dependent-marked	63 of 236
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking	No subject person/number marking	57 of 198
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb	4-5 categories per word	52 of 145
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases	Possessor is dependent-marked	98 of 236
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology	Predominantly suffixing	406 of 969
Reduplication	Productive full and partial reduplication	278 of 368
Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives	Exclusively concatenative	125 of 165
Zero Marking of A and P Arguments	Non-zero marking	219 of 235

Nouns and pronouns 25

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Distributive Numerals	Marked by mixed or other strategies	23 of 251
Coding of Nominal Plurality	No plural	98 of 1,066
Number of Cases	10 or more case categories	24 of 261
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality	No nominal plural	28 of 291
Ordinal Numerals	Zero: Ordinal numerals do not exist	33 of 321
Person Marking on Adpositions	No adpositions	63 of 378
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns	Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix	47 of 261
The Associative Plural	Special non-bound associative plural marker	47 of 236
Indefinite Articles	Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article	112 of 534
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers	Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression	33 of 116
Asymmetrical Case-Marking	Symmetrical case-marking	79 of 261
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns	Inclusive and exclusive differentiated	63 of 200
Definite Articles	Definite word distinct from demonstrative	216 of 620
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection	No person marking at all	70 of 200
Position of Case Affixes	Case suffixes	452 of 1,031
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives	Two-way contrast	126 of 234
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns	Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical	94 of 168
Number of Genders	None	145 of 257
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems	No gender system	145 of 257
Systems of Gender Assignment	No gender system	145 of 257
Indefinite Pronouns	Interrogative-based indefinites	194 of 326
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns	Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction	136 of 207
Comitatives and Instrumentals	Differentiation	213 of 322
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns	No gender distinctions	254 of 378
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives	Same forms	143 of 201

Noun phrases 5

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Action Nominal Constructions	No action nominals	42 of 168
Possessive Classification	Two classes	94 of 243
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses	Highly differentiated	77 of 138
Obligatory Possessive Inflection	No obligatorily possessed nouns	201 of 244
Number of Possessive Nouns	None reported	233 of 243

Verbs: tense, mood, evidence 17

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
The Morphological Imperative	Second person number-neutral	89 of 548
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality	Both direct and indirect evidentials	71 of 418
Situational Possibility	Affixes on verbs	63 of 234
The Prohibitive	Special imperative + special negative	146 of 496
Coding of Evidentiality	Verbal affix or clitic	131 of 418
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking	Overlap for either possibility or necessity	66 of 207
Epistemic Possibility	Affixes on verbs	84 of 240
The Past Tense	No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction	88 of 222
The Future Tense	Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction	110 of 222
The Perfect	No perfect	114 of 222
Imperative-Hortative Systems	The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system	201 of 375
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect	No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction	121 of 222
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes	Tense-aspect suffixes	667 of 1,131
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect	No suppletion in tense or aspect	123 of 193
Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives	None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)	153 of 193
Verbal Number and Suppletion	No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples	159 of 193
The Optative	Inflectional optative absent	271 of 319

Word order 9

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Order of Adjective and Noun	Modifying adjective precedes noun (AdjN)	373 of 1,367
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb	More than one order with none dominant	167 of 500
Position of Polar Question Particles	No question particle	355 of 884
Order of Numeral and Noun	Numeral precedes noun (NumN)	479 of 1,154
Order of Demonstrative and Noun	Demonstrative word precedes noun (DemN)	542 of 1,225
Order of Genitive and Noun	Genitive-noun (GenN)	685 of 1,249
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions	Interrogative phrases not obligatorily initial	615 of 902
Order of Relative Clause and Noun	Relative clause follows noun (NRel)	579 of 824
Order of Subject and Verb	Subject precedes verb (SV)	1,192 of 1,496

Simple clauses 18

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Polar Questions	Interrogative intonation only	173 of 955
Verbal Person Marking	No person marking of any argument	82 of 378
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking	Neutral alignment (no verbal person marking)	84 of 380
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases	Nominative - accusative (standard)	46 of 190
Predicative Possession	Conjunctional Possessive	59 of 240
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking	No person marking of the S	96 of 380
Negative Morphemes	Negative affix	395 of 1,157
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns	Nominative - accusative (standard)	61 of 172
Passive Constructions	There is a passive construction	162 of 373
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation	Symmetric and asymmetric standard negation: Type SymAsy	130 of 297
Order of Person Markers on the Verb	A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb	187 of 379
Applicative Constructions	No applicative construction	100 of 183
Other Roles of Applied Objects	No applicative construction	100 of 183
Reciprocal Constructions	Distinct from reflexive	99 of 175
Periphrastic Causative Constructions	Purposive type but no sequential type	68 of 118
Antipassive Constructions	No antipassive	146 of 194
Productivity of the Antipassive Construction	no antipassive	146 of 186
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions	Morphological type but no compound type	254 of 310

Complex sentences 7

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
'Want' Complement Subjects	'Want' is expressed as a desiderative verbal affix	45 of 283
Purpose Clauses	Balanced	38 of 170
'When' Clauses	Balanced	84 of 174
Relativization on Obliques	Gap Strategy	55 of 112
Reason Clauses	Balanced	90 of 169
Relativization on Subjects	Gap	125 of 166
Utterance Complement Clauses	Balanced	114 of 143

Vocabulary 5

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Numeral Bases	Restricted	20 of 196
M in Second Person Singular	No m in second person singular	152 of 230
M in First Person Singular	No m in first person singular	177 of 230
N-M Pronouns	No N-M pronouns	194 of 230
M-T Pronouns	No M-T pronouns	200 of 230