Tümpisa Shoshone

Uto-Aztecan family · Northern Uto-Aztecan branch · North America

Tümpisa Shoshone is an SOV language, like 564 of the 1,376 languages WALS codes for basic word order.

On Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase, WALS codes Tümpisa Shoshone as “Inpositions”, a value held by 8 of the 1,184 languages coded, Gooniyandi among them.

On Order of Demonstrative and Noun, WALS codes Tümpisa Shoshone as “Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun”, a value held by 17 of the 1,225 languages coded, Malagasy and Beja among them.

The closest grammar profile to Tümpisa Shoshone in the atlas belongs to Shipibo-Konibo, a Pano-Tacanan language: the two agree on 33 of the 46 features both have coded.

The order Tümpisa Shoshone uses in 9 pairings of a head word and its dependent. Bars: how all languages coded for each pairing split, before or after.

Contrast Tümpisa Shoshone with Shipibo-Konibo or with any other language

Uncommon values

Values that fewer than one in ten of the coded languages share with Tümpisa Shoshone, rarest first.

Position of Polar Question ParticlesQuestion particle in second position in sentence52 of 884
Plurality in Independent Personal PronounsPerson stem with a nominal plural affix19 of 261
Weight-Sensitive StressLeft-edge: Stress is on the first or second syllable37 of 500
Nonperiphrastic Causative ConstructionsBoth morphological type and compound type24 of 310
Order of Relative Clause and NounMixed types of relative clause with none dominant64 of 824

Inside the Uto-Aztecan family

Tümpisa Shoshone matches the most frequent Uto-Aztecan value on 31 of the 51 features where at least three other members of the family are coded (61%). Among the 11 Uto-Aztecan languages profiled here, that rate ranks eighth from the top.

Where Tümpisa Shoshone breaks with a clear majority of its relatives
Feature	Tümpisa Shoshone	Most relatives
Order of Degree Word and Adjective	Both orders occur with neither order dominant	Degree word precedes adjective (DegAdj) (11 of 11)

Closest profiles

Languages that share the most coded values with Tümpisa Shoshone; the count is out of the features both languages are coded for.

Comanche Uto-Aztecan28 of 41
Kewa Trans-New Guinea30 of 49
Ngiyambaa Pama-Nyungan30 of 49
Kannada Dravidian28 of 49

The rest of the profile

WALS codes Tümpisa Shoshone for 56 of the 144 profile features used on this site. The remaining 47 are listed here, grouped by topic; within each group the value Tümpisa Shoshone shares with the fewest languages comes first.

Sounds 3

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems	Long vowel: long vowels are heavy for stress	65 of 500
Fixed Stress Locations	No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)	220 of 502
Rhythm Types	Trochaic: left-hand syllable in the foot is strong	153 of 323

Word structure 5

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology	Consistently dependent-marking	46 of 236
Locus of Marking in the Clause	P is dependent-marked	63 of 236
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases	Possessor is dependent-marked	98 of 236
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology	Predominantly suffixing	406 of 969
Zero Marking of A and P Arguments	Non-zero marking	219 of 235

Nouns and pronouns 12

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Ordinal Numerals	First/one-th, two-th, three-th	54 of 321
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives	Related for all demonstratives	52 of 225
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes	No possessive affixes	260 of 902
Definite Articles	Neither definite nor indefinite article	198 of 620
Indefinite Articles	Neither indefinite nor definite	198 of 534
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives	Three-way contrast	88 of 234
Position of Case Affixes	Case suffixes	452 of 1,031
Coding of Nominal Plurality	Plural suffix	513 of 1,066
Number of Genders	None	145 of 257
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems	No gender system	145 of 257
Systems of Gender Assignment	No gender system	145 of 257
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives	Same forms	143 of 201

Verbs: tense, mood, evidence 5

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Coding of Evidentiality	Separate particle	65 of 418
The Prohibitive	Normal imperative + normal negative	113 of 496
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality	Only indirect evidentials	166 of 418
The Morphological Imperative	Second singular and second plural	292 of 548
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes	Tense-aspect suffixes	667 of 1,131

Word order 8

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause	More than one type of adverbial subordinators with none dominant	93 of 659
Order of Adjective and Noun	Modifying adjective precedes noun (AdjN)	373 of 1,367
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb	More than one order with none dominant	167 of 500
Order of Numeral and Noun	Numeral precedes noun (NumN)	479 of 1,154
Order of Object and Verb	Object precedes verb (OV)	712 of 1,518
Order of Genitive and Noun	Genitive-noun (GenN)	685 of 1,249
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions	Interrogative phrases not obligatorily initial	615 of 902
Order of Subject and Verb	Subject precedes verb (SV)	1,192 of 1,496

Simple clauses 8

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Comparative Constructions	Particle Comparative	22 of 167
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'	Double-object construction	84 of 378
Predicative Possession	Have-Possessive	63 of 240
Predicative Adjectives	Predicative adjectives have mixed encoding	103 of 386
Negative Morphemes	Negative particle	502 of 1,157
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals	Zero copula is possible	175 of 386
Polar Questions	Question particle	585 of 955
Nominal and Locational Predication	Different	269 of 386

Complex sentences 4

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Reason Clauses	Deranked	42 of 169
'When' Clauses	Deranked	51 of 174
Purpose Clauses	Deranked	102 of 170
Utterance Complement Clauses	Balanced	114 of 143

Vocabulary 2

Feature	Value	Languages sharing it
Hand and Arm	Different	389 of 617
Finger and Hand	Different	521 of 593