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Tiipay (Jamul)

Hokan family · Yuman branch · North America

Tiipay (Jamul) is an SOV language, like 564 of the 1,376 languages WALS codes for basic word order.

On Order of Adjective and Noun, WALS codes Tiipay (Jamul) as “Only internally-headed relative clauses”, a value held by 5 of the 1,367 languages coded, Diegueño (Mesa Grande) and Kutenai among them.

On Coding of Nominal Plurality, WALS codes Tiipay (Jamul) as “Plural stem change”, a value held by 6 of the 1,066 languages coded, Maricopa and Dinka among them.

The closest grammar profile to Tiipay (Jamul) in the atlas belongs to Basque, a language WALS places in a family of its own: the two agree on 22 of the 42 features both have coded.

Tiipay (Jamul): order of head and dependent in 8 constructions← beforeafter →verbsubject80%13%Order of Subject and Verb: Subject precedes verb (SV). Of 1,496 languages coded, 1,192 put the subject before the verb and 194 after it.verbobject47%46%Order of Object and Verb: Object precedes verb (OV). Of 1,518 languages coded, 712 put the object before the verb and 705 after it.adpositionnoun phrase49%43%Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase: Postpositions. Of 1,184 languages coded, 577 put the noun phrase before the adposition and 511 after it.noungenitive55%37%Order of Genitive and Noun: Genitive-noun (GenN). Of 1,249 languages coded, 685 put the genitive before the noun and 468 after it.nounOnly internally-headed relative clauses27%64%Order of Adjective and Noun: Only internally-headed relative clauses. Of 1,367 languages coded, 373 put the adjective before the noun and 879 after it.noundemonstrative45%48%Order of Demonstrative and Noun: Demonstrative word follows noun (NDem). Of 1,225 languages coded, 551 put the demonstrative before the noun and 590 after it.nounInternally headed17%70%Order of Relative Clause and Noun: Internally-headed relative clause. Of 824 languages coded, 141 put the relative clause before the noun and 579 after it.adjectivedegree word47%40%Order of Degree Word and Adjective: Degree word follows adjective (AdjDeg). Of 481 languages coded, 227 put the degree word before the adjective and 192 after it.
The order Tiipay (Jamul) uses in 8 pairings of a head word and its dependent. Bars: how all languages coded for each pairing split, before or after.

Contrast Tiipay (Jamul) with Basque or with any other language

Uncommon values

Values that fewer than one in ten of the coded languages share with Tiipay (Jamul), rarest first.

Inside the Hokan family

Tiipay (Jamul) matches the most frequent Hokan value on 24 of the 37 features where at least three other members of the family are coded (65%). Among the 6 Hokan languages profiled here, that rate ranks first from the top.

Closest profiles

Languages that share the most coded values with Tiipay (Jamul); the count is out of the features both languages are coded for.

The rest of the profile

WALS codes Tiipay (Jamul) for 43 of the 144 profile features used on this site. The remaining 35 are listed here, grouped by topic; within each group the value Tiipay (Jamul) shares with the fewest languages comes first.

Word structure 1

FeatureValueLanguages sharing it
ReduplicationProductive full and partial reduplication278 of 368

Nouns and pronouns 9

FeatureValueLanguages sharing it
Definite ArticlesDemonstrative word used as marker of definiteness69 of 620
Position of Case AffixesPostpositional clitics123 of 1,031
Occurrence of Nominal PluralityPlural only in human nouns, obligatory40 of 291
Person Marking on AdpositionsNo adpositions63 of 378
Indefinite ArticlesNo indefinite article but definite article98 of 534
Third Person Pronouns and DemonstrativesRelated for all demonstratives52 of 225
Position of Pronominal Possessive AffixesPossessive prefixes255 of 902
Indefinite PronounsInterrogative-based indefinites194 of 326
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal PronounsNo gender distinctions254 of 378

Verbs: tense, mood, evidence 4

FeatureValueLanguages sharing it
Epistemic PossibilityAffixes on verbs84 of 240
Imperative-Hortative SystemsThe language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system201 of 375
Position of Tense-Aspect AffixesTense-aspect suffixes667 of 1,131
Situational PossibilityVerbal constructions158 of 234

Word order 9

FeatureValueLanguages sharing it
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and ClauseFinal subordinator word96 of 659
Position of Polar Question ParticlesQuestion particle at end of sentence314 of 884
Order of Degree Word and AdjectiveDegree word follows adjective (AdjDeg)192 of 481
Order of Demonstrative and NounDemonstrative word follows noun (NDem)562 of 1,225
Order of Object and VerbObject precedes verb (OV)712 of 1,518
Order of Adposition and Noun PhrasePostpositions577 of 1,184
Order of Genitive and NounGenitive-noun (GenN)685 of 1,249
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content QuestionsInterrogative phrases not obligatorily initial615 of 902
Order of Subject and VerbSubject precedes verb (SV)1,192 of 1,496

Simple clauses 8

FeatureValueLanguages sharing it
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'Double-object construction84 of 378
Negative MorphemesNegative particle502 of 1,157
Verbal Person MarkingPerson marking of both the A and P arguments193 of 378
Alignment of Verbal Person MarkingAccusative alignment212 of 380
Passive ConstructionsThere is no passive construction211 of 373
Polar QuestionsQuestion particle585 of 955
Expression of Pronominal SubjectsPronominal subjects are expressed by affixes on verbs437 of 711
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate NegationNegative indefinites co-occur with predicate negation170 of 206

Complex sentences 2

FeatureValueLanguages sharing it
'Want' Complement SubjectsThe complement subject is expressed overtly72 of 283
Purpose ClausesDeranked102 of 170

Vocabulary 2

FeatureValueLanguages sharing it
M in Second Person Singularm in second person singular78 of 230
M in First Person SingularNo m in first person singular177 of 230